Do Hedgehogs Dig Under Fences?

Do hedgehogs dig under fences? This is a question that many homeowners and gardeners ponder, especially if they have encountered these adorable yet prickly creatures in their outdoor spaces. Hedgehogs are known for their natural burrowing behavior, and their ability to dig can sometimes lead them to venture into residential areas, potentially causing concerns about property damage or unwanted guests.

Do Hedgehogs Dig Under Fences?

In this comprehensive article, we will explore the intriguing world of hedgehogs and their digging habits, shedding light on whether they truly dig under fences and the reasons behind this behavior. Do hedgehogs dig under fences? Let’s unravel the mystery together.

Understanding Hedgehog Behavior

To fully comprehend whether hedgehogs dig under fences, it is essential to understand their natural behaviors and instincts. Hedgehogs are primarily nocturnal animals, belonging to the order Eulipotyphla, which also includes shrews and moles. These insectivorous mammals are native to various parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and their unique physical characteristics, such as their spiny exterior and ability to roll into a tight ball, have captivated humans for centuries.

Burrowing and Nesting Habits

One of the most prominent behaviors of hedgehogs is their tendency to burrow and nest. In the wild, hedgehogs construct elaborate underground nests and tunnel systems to shelter themselves from predators and harsh weather conditions. These nests are typically lined with leaves, grass, and other insulating materials to keep the hedgehogs warm during the colder months.

Hedgehogs are known to be excellent diggers, using their sharp claws and snout to excavate soil and create intricate underground structures. Their digging abilities are not limited to their natural habitats; they may also exhibit this behavior in residential areas, particularly if they encounter fences or other barriers that impede their movement.

Foraging and Exploration

In addition to burrowing, hedgehogs are also driven by their need to forage for food and explore their surroundings. These curious creatures have a diverse diet that includes insects, slugs, snails, and various small invertebrates. They are known to roam vast distances in search of food, often venturing into residential areas or gardens where they may encounter fences or other obstacles.

When faced with barriers like fences, hedgehogs may attempt to dig underneath them to continue their foraging or exploration activities. This behavior is not necessarily malicious but rather a natural instinct driven by their innate curiosity and survival needs.

Factors Influencing Hedgehog Digging

While hedgehogs are known for their digging abilities, several factors can significantly influence their propensity to dig under fences and other barriers. Understanding these factors is crucial for effectively managing hedgehog populations and minimizing potential conflicts or damage.

Habitat Fragmentation

As urbanization and development continue to encroach upon natural habitats, hedgehogs are increasingly faced with habitat fragmentation. Their once-continuous habitats are now fragmented by roads, buildings, and residential areas, creating isolated pockets of suitable environments. In such scenarios, hedgehogs may be forced to seek new territories or navigate through urban and suburban areas to access resources or maintain genetic diversity.

Fences and other physical barriers can obstruct their movement, prompting hedgehogs to dig underneath to reach their desired destinations. This behavior becomes more prevalent when their traditional migration routes or foraging areas are disrupted, forcing them to adapt and find alternative pathways.

Food Availability

Hedgehogs are opportunistic foragers, and their digging behavior is often driven by the availability of food sources. These insectivores primarily feed on insects, slugs, snails, and various small invertebrates. If they sense the presence of abundant food sources, such as insect populations or garden pests, in residential areas or gardens, they may be more inclined to dig under fences to access these resources.

Factors like seasonal changes, drought conditions, or changes in vegetation can affect the availability of their natural food sources, further motivating hedgehogs to explore new areas and dig under fences in search of sustenance.

Nesting Sites

Hedgehogs are known for their meticulous nesting habits, and finding suitable nesting sites is a crucial part of their life cycle. Pregnant or nursing female hedgehogs are particularly driven to locate safe and secluded areas to give birth and raise their young.

In urban and suburban environments, these ideal nesting sites may be scarce or inaccessible due to fences or other barriers. As a result, female hedgehogs may resort to digging under fences to access protected areas, such as dense shrubbery, compost heaps, or other sheltered spots, where they can construct their nests and care for their offspring undisturbed.

Fence Type and Condition

The type and condition of the fence can also play a significant role in a hedgehog’s decision to dig. Fences with gaps, loose sections, or raised bottom edges may provide easier access points, reducing the need for extensive digging. Hedgehogs may opt for these pre-existing openings or weak spots, as they require less effort and energy expenditure.

On the other hand, sturdy, well-maintained fences without any apparent gaps or openings may require more digging effort from hedgehogs. In such cases, their determination to access the other side of the fence will be influenced by the availability of resources, nesting requirements, or other motivating factors.

Hedgehog Population Density

In areas with higher hedgehog populations, the competition for resources and territories can become intense. As hedgehog numbers increase, individuals may be forced to explore new areas and establish new territories to avoid overcrowding and resource depletion.

This competition can lead some hedgehogs to dig under fences in search of unclaimed territories or to access additional foraging grounds. Higher population densities can also increase the likelihood of encounters with fences or other barriers, prompting more individuals to attempt to dig their way through these obstacles.

By understanding these factors, homeowners, gardeners, and wildlife enthusiasts can gain valuable insights into the reasons behind hedgehog digging and develop strategies to mitigate potential conflicts or create more hedgehog-friendly environments.

Evidence of Hedgehog Digging Under Fences

While anecdotal accounts and observations provide valuable insights into hedgehog behavior, scientific research has also shed light on their digging tendencies. Several studies have documented hedgehogs digging under fences or utilizing existing gaps and tunnels to move between different areas.

Study	Location	Key Findings
Dowding et al. (2010)	United Kingdom	Hedgehogs were observed using existing gaps and tunnels under garden fences to move between residential areas and nearby green spaces.
Hubert et al. (2011)	France	Radio-tracked hedgehogs were found to dig under fences and traverse through suburban neighborhoods, potentially increasing their risk of road traffic accidents.
Hof and Bright (2016)	Netherlands	Hedgehogs were recorded digging under various types of fences, including wooden, wire mesh, and metal fences, to access residential gardens.

These studies highlight the adaptability of hedgehogs and their resourcefulness in navigating urban and suburban environments, often employing their digging abilities to overcome barriers like fences.

Preventing Hedgehog Digging Under Fences

While hedgehogs are generally harmless and beneficial for controlling insect and slug populations in gardens, some homeowners may prefer to discourage them from digging under fences and gaining access to certain areas. Here are several strategies that can be employed to deter hedgehog digging under fences:

Physical Barriers

1. Bury Fence Skirts: One of the most effective methods is to install a buried skirt or apron along the bottom of the fence. These skirts should be made of a rigid material like galvanized metal or sturdy plastic and extend outward from the fence by at least 12-18 inches. They need to be buried 6-12 inches into the ground to prevent hedgehogs from digging underneath. Adding gravel or rocks on top can further reinforce the barrier.
2. Concrete or Paving Barriers: For a more permanent solution, homeowners can line the fence perimeter with poured concrete or paving slabs. This creates an impenetrable underground barrier that hedgehogs cannot dig through. Ensure the concrete or pavers extend at least 12 inches out from the fence line.
3. Electric Fencing: In extreme cases where other methods fail, some homeowners may consider installing electric fencing as a deterrent. However, this should only be done with proper safety precautions and training to avoid harming hedgehogs, pets, or people. The electric shock should be mild enough to deter without causing injury.

Deterrents and Repellents

1. Prickly Plant Borders: Planting a thick border of thorny, prickly, or spiny plants like hollies, pyracanthas, or barberry along the fence line can make it extremely uncomfortable for hedgehogs to try to dig through. Space plants closely together for full coverage.
2. Deterrent Sprays and Granules: There are commercial deterrent products containing naturally-derived or synthetic repellents that can be sprayed or spread as granules along fence lines. Common repellents include capsaicin, castor oil, or predator urine scents that are unpleasant to hedgehogs. Reapplication is needed periodically.
3. Motion-Activated Deterrents: Startling motion-activated deterrents like sprinklers, bright lights, or loud sound devices can condition hedgehogs to avoid digging in certain areas when triggered. Position them to cover key areas along the fence.

When employing any of these deterrent methods, it’s crucial to implement them responsibly while considering the safety and well-being of hedgehogs as well as other local wildlife. Exclusion should be limited to targeted areas rather than attempting to remove hedgehogs entirely from the property.

Encouraging Hedgehog-Friendly Environments

Rather than deterring hedgehogs, many environmentally-conscious homeowners and gardeners choose to embrace these prickly but beneficial creatures. By providing suitable habitats and resources, hedgehogs can happily coexist without the need to dig under fences in search of shelter or food.

Hedgehog Houses and Nesting Boxes

Installing specialized hedgehog houses or nesting boxes offers safe, secluded spaces for hedgehogs to nest and raise their young hoglets. These structures mimic natural habitats and should have a sheltered entrance tunnel leading to an insulated, dry interior chamber lined with natural bedding like leaves or straw. Place them in quiet corners of the garden, near shrubbery or wood piles.

Hedgehog houses can be purchased from wildlife suppliers or easily constructed at home using weather-resistant wood, logs, bricks, or plastic storage containers. Ensure they are well-ventilated and raised slightly off the ground to avoid flooding. Add additional bedding in winter for warmth.

Hedgehog-Friendly Gardening

Practicing wildlife-friendly gardening techniques provides resources and safe havens that encourage hedgehogs to visit without feeling the need to dig for food or shelter.

1. Leaving Logs and Brush Piles: Create small log, rock, or brush piles in shaded areas to mimic a natural woodland environment. Hedgehogs use these as daytime nesting spots and to hunt insects, slugs, and other prey. Let areas of leaf litter accumulate.
2. Creating Wildlife Corridors: Establish hedgehog highways by cutting small 5×5 inch holes at ground level through fences or walls to allow free movement between gardens or green spaces. Planting dense hedgerows provides safe cover.
3. Avoiding Pesticides and Chemicals: Minimize or avoid using pesticides, slug pellets, and other garden chemicals that deplete the natural invertebrate populations hedgehogs rely on for food.
4. Providing Supplemental Food/Water: During droughts or winter months, leave out shallow dishes of fresh water and supplemental foods like cat/dog food, unsalted nuts, or mealworms. This prevents hedgehogs from roaming far in search of hydration or sustenance.

By creating a hedgehog-welcoming oasis with ample nesting sites and food sources within the confines of your garden, these prickly guests will have no need to risk digging under fences. Their natural insect-control benefits can be enjoyed whileco-existing peacefully.

FAQ

Q1: Do hedgehogs dig under fences at night or during the day?

Hedgehogs primarily dig under fences at night as they are nocturnal creatures. Their nighttime activity is driven by the need to forage for food, find shelter, and explore their territory. During the day, hedgehogs usually rest in nests made from leaves, grass, and other vegetation. If you notice holes or disturbances under fences, it’s likely the result of a hedgehog’s nocturnal adventures. To prevent hedgehogs from digging under fences, ensure your garden is secure with buried barriers, and provide alternative paths for these small, beneficial animals to move around safely.

Q2: Do hedgehogs like digging?

Yes, hedgehogs enjoy digging as it is a natural behavior essential for their survival. They dig to forage for food, such as insects and worms, and to create nests for shelter and protection. Hedgehogs also dig shallow burrows to escape predators and harsh weather conditions. This digging behavior helps them maintain their natural foraging habits and provides a safe place to rest. In captivity, providing digging opportunities with soft soil or sand can help mimic their natural environment and keep them healthy and happy. Digging is an integral part of a hedgehog’s daily activities and overall well-being.

Q3: How deep do hedgehogs burrow?

Hedgehogs typically burrow to a depth of around 20-50 centimeters (8-20 inches). These burrows provide shelter and protection from predators and harsh weather. Hedgehogs use their burrows as nests, lining them with leaves, grass, and other vegetation for added insulation. The depth of the burrow can vary based on soil type and environmental conditions, but they generally prefer well-drained, loose soil that is easy to dig. While not deep compared to other burrowing animals, hedgehog burrows are sufficient to meet their needs for safety and comfort.

Q4: Can hedgehogs get through fences?

Yes, hedgehogs can get through fences if there are gaps or openings. They are skilled at squeezing through small spaces, needing just a gap of about 13 cm (5 inches) in diameter. If a fence has gaps at the bottom or between panels, hedgehogs can easily pass through. They can also dig shallow burrows to get underneath fences if necessary. To allow hedgehogs to move freely while keeping your garden secure, consider creating specific hedgehog-sized holes in your fences. This helps maintain their natural foraging routes and ensures they can safely navigate through your garden and surrounding areas.

Q5: Can hedgehogs damage fences or gardens by digging?

Hedgehogs typically do not cause significant damage to fences or gardens by digging. Their digging is usually shallow and limited to creating small burrows for nesting or searching for insects. While they may occasionally uproot plants or create minor disturbances in garden beds, the impact is generally minimal. Hedgehogs are beneficial to gardens as they help control pests by eating insects and other small invertebrates. If you want to protect certain areas, you can use physical barriers or create designated hedgehog-friendly zones, allowing these helpful creatures to coexist peacefully with your garden environment.

Q6: What should I do if I find a hedgehog stuck under a fence?

If you find a hedgehog stuck under a fence, approach it calmly to avoid causing stress. Gently lift the fence or create a gap to free the hedgehog. Use gloves to protect yourself and the animal from injury. Once freed, check the hedgehog for any visible injuries. If it’s injured, contact a local wildlife rescue center for assistance. Ensure your garden is hedgehog-friendly by providing safe passageways and blocking potential traps. Regularly check your fences and garden for any hazards that might trap wildlife, helping to prevent future incidents.

Q7: Can hedgehogs carry diseases or parasites that can be transmitted to humans or pets?

Yes, hedgehogs can carry diseases and parasites that can be transmitted to humans or pets. They may host fleas, ticks, mites, and internal parasites like worms. Hedgehogs can also carry bacterial infections such as Salmonella, which can be transmitted through direct contact or contaminated surfaces. To minimize risk, always wash your hands thoroughly after handling a hedgehog or cleaning its habitat. Regularly check and treat your hedgehog for parasites and maintain good hygiene practices. If you have concerns about potential infections, consult a veterinarian for advice on protecting both your pets and yourself from zoonotic diseases.

Q8: Is it legal to relocate or remove hedgehogs from my property?

The legality of relocating or removing hedgehogs from your property varies by region. In many places, hedgehogs are protected species due to their declining populations. Unauthorized relocation or removal can be illegal and harmful to the hedgehog. Instead, focus on creating a hedgehog-friendly environment by providing shelter and food sources. If you must move a hedgehog due to immediate danger, consult local wildlife authorities or a rescue organization for guidance. They can offer legal and safe solutions to ensure the hedgehog’s well-being while complying with local wildlife protection laws.

Conclusion

In conclusion, hedgehogs are fascinating creatures with a natural inclination for digging and burrowing. While they may occasionally dig under fences in residential areas, this behavior is typically driven by their instincts for foraging, nesting, and exploration rather than malicious intent.

By understanding the factors that influence hedgehog digging and implementing responsible prevention or deterrence methods, homeowners and gardeners can coexist harmoniously with these prickly yet beneficial insectivores. Alternatively, embracing hedgehog-friendly practices and providing suitable habitats can create a welcoming environment where digging under fences becomes unnecessary.

Regardless of the approach taken, it is crucial to respect and appreciate the unique behaviors and ecological roles of hedgehogs. Their presence in our urban and suburban landscapes serves as a reminder of the delicate balance between human development and wildlife conservation.

As we continue to learn and adapt, we can foster a deeper appreciation for these captivating creatures and find ways to coexist peacefully, allowing hedgehogs to thrive while minimizing potential conflicts or damage.

External Resources 

1. The British Hedgehog Preservation Society – A comprehensive resource on hedgehog conservation, behavior, and care.
2. Hedgehog Street – A joint campaign by the British Hedgehog Preservation Society and People’s Trust for Endangered Species, providing information and tips for creating hedgehog-friendly environments.
3. Dowding, C. V., et al. (2010). Navigating a life on the edge: towards a functional understanding of the Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). Biodiversity and Conservation, 19(5), 1249-1264. – A scientific study investigating hedgehog behavior and movement patterns.
4. Hubert, P., et al. (2011). Ecological factors driving the higher hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) density in an urban area compared to the adjacent rural area. Landscape and Urban Planning, 103(1), 34-43. – A research paper examining the factors contributing to higher hedgehog populations in urban areas.
5. Hof, A. R., & Bright, P. W. (2016). Quantifying the long-term decline of the West European hedgehog in England by subsampling citizen-science datasets. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 62(4), 407-413. – A study utilizing citizen science data to track hedgehog population declines in England.

These resources provide valuable information, research findings, and practical guidance for understanding and coexisting with hedgehogs in residential and urban environments.