How Often Do You Feed An Axolotl?

Axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) are captivating amphibians known for their unique ability to regenerate limbs and their perpetual aquatic lifestyle. Native to the lakes of Mexico, these creatures have become popular pets due to their intriguing appearance and relatively straightforward care requirements.

How Often Do You Feed an Axolotl?

One of the most critical aspects of axolotl care is understanding their dietary needs, particularly the frequency of feeding. Feeding schedules can vary based on the axolotl’s age, size, and health status. This comprehensive guide aims to provide detailed insights into the question: “How Often Do You Feed an Axolotl?” By understanding their feeding habits, you can ensure your axolotl remains healthy and thrives in its environment.

Understanding Axolotl Feeding Habits

Natural Diet in the Wild

In the wild, axolotls are opportunistic carnivorous predators, meaning they hunt and consume any small prey that crosses their path. Native to the freshwater lakes and canals of Mexico, particularly Lake Xochimilco, they thrive in an environment rich in biodiversity. Their natural diet typically consists of:

• Insects and insect larvae – including mosquito larvae, water beetles, and other aquatic bugs.

• Small fish – such as fry and other tiny fish that share their ecosystem.

• Worms – especially aquatic worms like bloodworms and tubifex worms.

• Crustaceans – including small shrimp, freshwater amphipods, and other soft-bodied invertebrates.

Axolotls use a suction feeding method—they open their mouths quickly, creating a vacuum that pulls food and water in. Because they don’t chew, they rely on swallowing prey whole. This method allows them to eat rapidly and effectively, especially in murky water where visibility is limited.

Their diet in the wild is driven by availability, and they feed primarily at dawn or dusk when their prey is most active. This opportunistic behavior helps them meet their energy and nutritional needs for survival, growth, and reproduction.

Feeding Behavior in Captivity

In captivity, axolotls cannot forage for food, so their nutritional needs must be carefully managed by their caregivers. A proper feeding routine ensures healthy development and prevents issues such as obesity, malnutrition, or digestive problems.

Several factors influence their feeding habits in an aquarium setting:

Age and Size:

• Juvenile axolotls (under 6 months) grow rapidly and require daily feeding, sometimes twice a day, depending on their size.
• Adult axolotls (over 6 inches) typically do well with feeding every 2–3 days, though some may need more frequent meals depending on activity level.

Water Temperature:

• Axolotls prefer cooler water temperatures (between 60–68°F or 16–20°C). In colder conditions, their metabolism slows, and they eat less frequently. In warmer water (above 72°F), their metabolism increases, which may cause them to eat more—but this can also increase stress and lead to health issues.

Activity Level:

• Some axolotls are more active than others, especially at night. An active axolotl may burn more energy and show a stronger appetite.

Health Status:

• If an axolotl is ill, stressed, or injured, it may refuse to eat altogether. Poor water quality, overcrowding, or sudden changes in the tank can also suppress appetite. Regular monitoring of their eating habits is important to detect health issues early.

Diet Variety and Preferences:

• In captivity, axolotls enjoy a diet of bloodworms, earthworms, brine shrimp, blackworms, and specially-formulated axolotl pellets. Earthworms are considered the gold standard due to their nutritional content and ease of digestion.
• It’s essential to avoid feeding axolotls fatty meats or feeder fish, as these can introduce parasites or offer poor nutrition.

Proper feeding in captivity not only supports growth but also reduces aggression, especially when multiple axolotls are housed together. A well-fed axolotl is less likely to nip at tank mates.

Feeding Frequency by Life Stage

Axolotls pass through several life stages, from delicate hatchlings to fully grown adults. Each stage brings unique nutritional needs and feeding behaviors. Tailoring the feeding schedule and food type according to age ensures healthy growth, minimizes health risks, and supports their overall well-being.

Hatchlings (0–2 Weeks)

• Feeding Frequency: 2–3 times per day

• Ideal Diet: Live brine shrimp, microworms, vinegar eels

Notes:

Hatchlings are extremely small and fragile, measuring only a few millimeters in length. At this stage, they have limited mobility and very tiny mouths, so they can only consume microscopic live prey that move actively in the water. Live food stimulates their natural hunting instinct and encourages feeding.

Since they are growing rapidly, hatchlings need frequent, small meals throughout the day. Starvation during this stage can lead to deformities or death. It’s important to keep water clean and remove uneaten food promptly to avoid ammonia buildup.

Additionally, hatchlings should be kept separated or in small groups, as overcrowding can lead to cannibalism due to hunger or competition.

Juveniles (2 Weeks–6 Months)

• Feeding Frequency: Once daily

• Ideal Diet: Bloodworms (live or frozen), daphnia, finely chopped earthworms, soft pellets

Notes:

By the juvenile stage, axolotls have grown significantly—typically reaching 2 to 4 inches long. Their digestive systems have developed enough to handle more substantial prey. Bloodworms and daphnia are excellent protein sources, and finely chopped earthworms can gradually be introduced.

During this time, axolotls are in a rapid growth phase, with visible changes occurring weekly. Daily feeding is essential to fuel this growth. However, avoid overfeeding in one sitting; axolotls should eat all offered food within 15–20 minutes. Any leftovers should be removed to maintain water quality.

It’s also the ideal time to begin training juveniles to accept non-live food, like soft sinking pellets, which can make feeding easier in the long run.

Subadults (6–12 Months)

• Feeding Frequency: Every other day

• Ideal Diet: Earthworms (whole), high-quality axolotl pellets, occasional treats (bloodworms, waxworms)

Notes:

Subadult axolotls measure around 5 to 7 inches and start to resemble their adult form. Their metabolism begins to slow down, and feeding every other day becomes sufficient. Feeding too frequently at this stage can lead to obesity, especially in low-activity environments.

Earthworms become a staple at this stage due to their balanced protein and fat content. One medium-sized worm or a few high-quality pellets are usually enough per meal. Treats like waxworms should be used sparingly, as they are high in fat.

Owners should begin monitoring body condition carefully—look for signs of bloat, excessive girth behind the front legs, or food refusal, which may indicate overfeeding or underlying health problems.

Adults (12+ Months)

• Feeding Frequency: 2–3 times per week

• Ideal Diet: Earthworms, axolotl pellets, occasional treats (bloodworms, small pieces of fish or shrimp)

Notes:

Adult axolotls are fully developed and generally measure between 8 to 12 inches in length. Their growth rate slows significantly, and their energy needs drop. Feeding 2–3 times per week is sufficient to maintain their health and ideal body weight.

Adult axolotls thrive on a simple, high-protein diet. Earthworms remain the gold standard, but high-quality, axolotl-specific pellets (such as those by Hikari or Northfin) are convenient and nutritionally balanced. Occasional variety in the form of bloodworms, shrimp, or very small fish can be offered once every few weeks for enrichment.

Overfeeding adults is a common mistake that can lead to serious conditions such as:

• Obesity
• Impaction (if they eat too much or too large items)
• Fatty liver disease, which can shorten lifespan

To prevent health issues, always observe portion control and body condition. If an axolotl appears lethargic, bloated, or disinterested in food, reduce feeding frequency and evaluate environmental conditions like temperature and water quality.

Axolotl Feeding Frequency by Life Stage

Recognizing Overfeeding and Underfeeding

Establishing the right feeding schedule for your axolotl is only part of the equation—observing the animal’s body condition and behavior is equally important. Overfeeding and underfeeding can both lead to serious health problems, and recognizing the signs early can help you correct the issue before it becomes dangerous.

Signs of Overfeeding

Overfeeding is one of the most common mistakes axolotl keepers make, especially with adults. It’s easy to misinterpret an axolotl’s interest in food as hunger, but they can be opportunistic feeders and may eat even when they don’t need to.

1. Obesity

A healthy axolotl’s body should be roughly the same width as its head. If the body becomes significantly thicker—especially around the abdomen—it’s likely obese. In extreme cases, fat deposits may even cause bulging sides or reduced mobility.

2. Lethargy

An overfed axolotl may appear sluggish or uninterested in its surroundings. Excess fat buildup can make movement uncomfortable and reduce overall energy levels. This lethargy is not to be confused with normal rest—watch for prolonged inactivity even during usual feeding times.

3. Foul Water

Excess food that goes uneaten and is left in the tank begins to decay quickly, producing ammonia and promoting harmful bacterial growth. This not only endangers water quality but also increases the risk of infections and skin conditions like fungus. Uneaten food should be removed promptly.

Signs of Underfeeding

Axolotls can survive a missed meal or two without harm, but consistent underfeeding will eventually affect their health and behavior. This is particularly dangerous in juveniles, whose bodies are still developing.

1. Visible Ribs or Spine

If you can clearly see the outlines of your axolotl’s ribs or spine, it’s likely underweight. A healthy axolotl should have a smooth, slightly rounded appearance, not a bony or gaunt look.

2. Increased Aggression

Hunger can drive axolotls to become more aggressive, especially if housed with others. You may notice nipping at limbs or gills, or even attempts to bite tankmates, mistaking them for food. This is a clear sign that the animal is not getting enough nutrients.

3. Restlessness

An underfed axolotl may constantly roam the tank, digging through the substrate, swimming around the glass, or hovering near the surface. While some movement is normal, excessive, persistent “food-seeking” behavior can be a sign of inadequate feeding.

Monitoring Body Condition

A good practice is to perform a weekly body condition check:

• Look at the axolotl from above and from the side.

• Check the width of the body compared to the head.

• Watch how eagerly it accepts food.

• Take note of changes in behavior, skin tone, and activity.

Recording feeding habits and physical appearance in a feeding journal can help track progress and spot concerns early.

Feeding Techniques and Tips

Feeding your axolotl properly isn’t just about how much or how often—they also need the right techniques to ensure clean, stress-free meals. Here’s how to feed effectively:

Best Feeding Times

Axolotls are crepuscular, meaning they’re most active during twilight hours—specifically early morning and late evening. Feeding during these times aligns with their natural instincts and typically results in more enthusiastic feeding behavior.

Tips:

• Turn off bright lights during feeding.

• Use ambient lighting or dim aquarium lights to mimic dusk/dawn.

• Establish a consistent feeding routine to train their internal clock.

Feeding Methods

1. Hand Feeding (Tweezers or Tongs)

This method involves holding the food (such as an earthworm or pellet) with aquarium-safe tweezers and guiding it close to the axolotl’s mouth. This technique allows you to:

• Control food portion sizes

• Ensure the axolotl eats everything

• Avoid food dropping into substrate

However, be gentle to avoid startling or injuring the axolotl.

2. Spot Feeding

Involves placing the food in a specific area, like a feeding dish or tile, within the tank. Over time, your axolotl will learn to look for food in this location, making cleanup easier and reducing waste.

3. Free Feeding

This method involves simply dropping food into the tank and letting it fall wherever. While easy, it often results in uneaten food getting lost in the substrate, decaying, and polluting the water. Use this method sparingly and only for live foods like daphnia or brine shrimp in hatchling tanks.

Cleaning Uneaten Food

Food left in the tank for more than 15–20 minutes should be removed promptly to avoid water contamination. Rotting food releases ammonia, which can quickly degrade water quality and harm your axolotl’s gills and skin.

Cleaning Tools:

• Turkey Baster: Excellent for spot removal in tight spaces.

• Aquarium Siphon: Useful for routine gravel cleaning and water changes.

• Fine Mesh Net: Can retrieve larger chunks of uneaten food or debris.

Establish a habit of post-feeding inspection and cleanup—it’s as important as the feeding itself.

Common Feeding Mistakes to Avoid

Even with the best intentions, many axolotl owners make errors that can affect their pet’s health. Here’s what to watch out for:

❌ Overfeeding

Too much food, too often, leads to obesity, bloating, and water fouling. Stick to life-stage-specific schedules and adjust based on behavior and body condition.

❌ Inappropriate Food Size

Axolotls do not chew—everything must be swallowed whole. Food should never be larger than the width of their mouth. Overly large pieces can lead to choking or impaction.

❌ Feeding During Inactive Periods

Axolotls are unlikely to eat when they’re sleeping or hiding during the day. Offering food during these times may result in waste. Try to sync feeding times with their natural active periods.

❌ Ignoring Water Quality

Bad water conditions can suppress appetite or cause stress-related illnesses. A clean tank is essential to maintaining consistent feeding behavior. Test water weekly for:

• Ammonia
• Nitrite
• Nitrate
• pH
• Temperature

Use a liquid test kit for accurate results, and conduct 20–30% water changes weekly as part of regular tank maintenance.

Conclusion

Understanding the appropriate feeding frequency for your axolotl is essential for its health and well-being. By considering factors such as age, size, water temperature, and activity level, you can establish a feeding schedule that meets your axolotl’s nutritional needs. Regular monitoring and adjustments ensure your axolotl remains healthy and thrives in its environment.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1: How much food should I feed my axolotl?

Axolotls should be fed 2–3 times per week, depending on their age and size. Juveniles need daily feeding due to their fast growth, while adults can eat every 2–3 days. Offer 2–3 earthworms, pellets, or a portion about the size of their head per feeding. Avoid overfeeding, as axolotls can become obese. Monitor their behavior—if they refuse food, skip a day. Always remove uneaten food to maintain water quality in their tank.

Q2: Can an axolotl go a week without food?

Yes, an axolotl can go a week without food, although it is not ideal for their health. Axolotls can endure periods of fasting due to their slow metabolism, but this should not be a regular practice. If an axolotl needs to go without food for a week, ensure that it is otherwise healthy and in a clean, stable environment. Regular feeding every two to three days is recommended to maintain their health and well-being.

Q3: Can you overfeed an axolotl?

Yes, you can overfeed an axolotl. Overfeeding can lead to obesity and related health issues, such as liver disease and digestive problems. Axolotls have a slow metabolism and do not require daily feeding once they are adults. It is best to feed adult axolotls every two to three days and to monitor their weight and overall health. Providing a balanced diet and avoiding excess food will help maintain their health and prevent overfeeding-related issues.

Q4: How many worms do you feed an axolotl?

The number of worms you feed an axolotl depends on its size and age. For juvenile axolotls, smaller portions are needed, typically one to two small worms daily. Adult axolotls should be fed two to three large worms every two to three days. It’s important to observe your axolotl’s behavior and adjust portions accordingly. Avoid overfeeding by removing any uneaten food after a few hours to maintain water quality and ensure your axolotl remains healthy.

Q5: What do axolotls eat the most?

Axolotls primarily eat a diet of protein-rich foods. Their staple diet includes worms, such as earthworms and bloodworms, which they eat the most. They also consume brine shrimp, insect larvae, and specially formulated axolotl pellets. In captivity, earthworms are a preferred food due to their high nutritional value and ease of digestion. It’s important to provide a varied diet to ensure they receive all necessary nutrients, promoting overall health and well-being.

Q6: How do I know if I’m feeding my axolotl enough?

To ensure you’re feeding your axolotl enough, monitor its body condition and behavior. A healthy axolotl should have a rounded, not sunken, appearance and maintain a good weight. If your axolotl is consistently eating and showing normal activity levels, it’s likely receiving adequate nutrition. Adjust feeding amounts based on its growth and appetite. Overfeeding can lead to obesity, while underfeeding can cause weight loss. Regularly check for any uneaten food in the tank to maintain water quality.

“Learn more about your axolotl’s age by reading ‘How Old is My Axolotl?’.”

Conclusion

Feeding an axolotl correctly is essential for its health and longevity. By understanding their dietary needs and adjusting feeding frequencies based on their life stages, you can ensure your axolotl remains healthy and active. The question “How Often Do You Feed An Axolotl?” emphasizes the importance of monitoring their feeding schedule to prevent overfeeding or underfeeding. Providing a balanced diet and observing your axolotl’s unique needs will contribute to their well-being. With proper care and attention, your axolotl can thrive and bring joy to your life.

External Resources

Here are some external links and resources that can provide additional information and support the points discussed in the article:

• “Axolotl Care Sheet” by Caudata.org: https://www.caudata.org/cc/species/Ambystoma/A_mexicanum.shtml This comprehensive care sheet from Caudata.org, a reputable amphibian enthusiast organization, covers various aspects of axolotl care, including detailed feeding guidelines and dietary requirements.
• “Axolotl Feeding Guide” by Axolotl.com: https://www.axolotl.com/axolotl-feeding-guide/ This dedicated guide by Axolotl.com provides in-depth information on appropriate feeding practices, including recommended feeding schedules, types of food, and portion sizes for different life stages.
• “Axolotl Nutrition” by Amphibian Ark: https://www.amphibianark.org/pdf/Husbandry/Axolotl%20Nutrition%20-%20Amphibian%20Ark.pdf This PDF document from Amphibian Ark, a conservation organization dedicated to amphibian conservation, outlines the nutritional requirements of axolotls and offers guidance on formulating a balanced diet.
• “Axolotl Care” by ReptiFiles: https://reptifiles.com/axolotl-care/axolotl-food/ ReptiFiles is a well-known online resource for reptile and amphibian care, and their axolotl section provides valuable information on suitable food items, feeding schedules, and potential dietary issues.
• “Axolotl Feeding Guide” by That Pet Blog: https://thatpetblog.com/axolotl-feeding-guide/ This comprehensive blog post from That Pet Blog offers a detailed look at axolotl feeding habits, including tips on feeding techniques, portion sizes, and a breakdown of different food options.
• “Axolotl Care and Husbandry” by Noah’s Aquarium: https://www.noahsaquarium.com/axolotl-care-and-husbandry/ Noah’s Aquarium is an online resource dedicated to aquatic pet care, and their axolotl care guide includes a section on feeding and nutrition, with recommendations based on age and size.

These external resources, which include reputable organizations, expert blogs, and dedicated axolotl care websites, can provide additional insights, specific guidelines, and visual aids to complement the information presented in the article.