​Clydesdale horses, renowned for their majestic stature and gentle demeanor, are a breed that commands admiration and respect. Originating from Scotland, these gentle giants have been integral to agriculture and transportation, and today, they continue to captivate hearts worldwide. However, owning a Clydesdale is not merely about enjoying their beauty; it entails a commitment to comprehensive care tailored to their unique needs.

How to Take Care of a Clydesdale Horse?

This guide on “How to Take Care of a Clydesdale Horse” delves into the essential aspects of their care, including feeding, grooming, health management, and more. Whether you’re a seasoned equestrian or a prospective owner, understanding these facets ensures your Clydesdale thrives in health and happiness.​

Understanding the Clydesdale Breed

Origins and History

The Clydesdale breed traces its roots to the early 18th century in the River Clyde region of Lanarkshire, Scotland—hence the name “Clydesdale.” Local farmers began selectively breeding large, strong draft horses by crossing native Scottish mares with imported Flemish stallions. These early breeding efforts were aimed at creating a horse capable of handling the tough, heavy labor required in the Scottish countryside, such as plowing thick clay soils and pulling massive loads of farm produce, coal, or industrial materials.

Over time, these horses became known for their size, stamina, and gentle nature, and by the 19th century, Clydesdales were widely used across Great Britain. With the rise of mechanization, the breed saw a decline in working numbers, but their striking appearance and proud bearing helped them maintain popularity for ceremonial and promotional use. Perhaps the most iconic example is the Budweiser Clydesdales, a team of meticulously trained horses introduced by Anheuser-Busch in 1933 to celebrate the end of Prohibition in the United States. Since then, they have become a symbol of American heritage and equine beauty, appearing in parades, commercials, and public events across the country.

Physical Characteristics

Clydesdales are one of the most recognizable and majestic draft horse breeds in the world, thanks to their towering height and elegant build.

• Height: Adult Clydesdales typically stand between 16 to 18 hands high (64 to 72 inches at the withers), with some individuals even reaching 19 hands or more.

• Weight: These horses are impressively muscular, weighing between 1,600 to 2,400 pounds, depending on gender, age, and overall health.

• Color: The most common coat color is bay, characterized by a reddish-brown body with a black mane, tail, and lower legs. However, Clydesdales can also be found in black, gray, chestnut, or roan, usually accented by distinctive white facial blazes and white feathering on the lower legs.

• Distinctive Features: One of the breed’s most charming characteristics is its “feathering”—long, silky hair that cascades over the lower legs and fetlocks. In addition to their feathering, Clydesdales have broad foreheads, arched necks, powerful shoulders, and large, round hooves—all contributing to their commanding presence and strong work capability.

Temperament

Despite their massive size, Clydesdales are often described as “gentle giants.” They are known for their calm, friendly, and patient disposition, making them exceptionally approachable and safe for children and novice handlers. These traits have helped them transition from farm and industrial settings to a wide range of modern uses.

Clydesdales are also highly intelligent and eager to please, qualities that make them quick learners and cooperative partners in training. Because of their good-natured temperament and reliable demeanor, they are frequently used in parades, shows, therapy programs, and recreational riding.

In addition to their physical power, their emotional intelligence stands out—they form strong bonds with handlers and can adapt well to varied environments, whether it’s a bustling urban parade or a quiet therapy session with special-needs individuals.

​Nutritional Needs of a Clydesdale Horse

Feeding a Clydesdale horse properly is essential for maintaining their health, strength, and performance. As one of the largest horse breeds, they require a well-balanced and consistent diet that matches their body size, metabolism, and activity level. Underfeeding can result in weight loss and muscle deterioration, while overfeeding can lead to obesity, laminitis, and joint strain. Understanding and meeting the nutritional needs of your Clydesdale is key to ensuring a long, healthy life.

Daily Dietary Requirements

Clydesdales consume significantly more food and water than average-sized horses. Their diet must be rich in high-quality forage, supplemented with appropriate grain or concentrates, and provide constant access to clean, fresh water and minerals.

Here’s a general guideline for the daily nutritional intake of an adult Clydesdale:

Hay (Forage)

Hay should form the foundation of your Clydesdale’s diet, making up at least 60–70% of their total intake. A high-fiber forage such as timothy, orchard grass, or alfalfa can help meet this need. Always ensure the hay is:

• Clean and dust-free
• Free from mold or weeds
• Stored in a dry, well-ventilated area

Access to pasture grazing is highly beneficial as well, both nutritionally and mentally, though it should be monitored to prevent overconsumption, especially in lush spring months.

Grain/Concentrate Feed

Grains or formulated concentrates are added to meet a Clydesdale’s caloric and energy needs, especially if they are performing heavy work or during winter months. However, since draft breeds are more prone to metabolic issues, it’s essential to avoid high-sugar or high-starch grains. Look for feeds specifically labeled for:

• Draft or large breeds
• Low-starch/high-fat content
• High fiber to support digestion

Start with smaller amounts (2–5 pounds/day), and increase only as necessary based on work levels or body condition.

Water Intake

A fully grown Clydesdale can drink up to 30 gallons of water per day, and even more when working, sweating, or in hot climates. Always provide:

• Unlimited access to clean, fresh water
• Heated buckets or troughs in winter to prevent freezing
• Regularly cleaned containers to prevent algae buildup

Salt and Minerals

Salt and essential trace minerals help regulate bodily functions and maintain hydration. Clydesdales should have free access to a salt block, ideally one that also contains:

• Calcium
• Phosphorus
• Magnesium
• Selenium (if deficient in local forage)

You can also provide loose mineral supplements if your horse does not lick salt blocks adequately.

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Feeding Tips for Clydesdales

Feeding a large draft horse requires thoughtful planning and attention to detail. Here are best practices to ensure optimal feeding and digestion:

1. Prioritize Quality Forage

High-quality hay or pasture grass should always be the largest portion of your horse’s diet. Poor-quality forage can lead to digestive issues, weight loss, or nutritional deficiencies.

• Test your hay annually for nutrient content.
• Avoid dusty, moldy, or overly mature hay.

2. Choose the Right Grain

Not all grains are suitable for Clydesdales. These horses tend to have efficient metabolisms, so choose a concentrate designed to deliver the necessary nutrients without excessive calories.

• Avoid grains high in molasses or starch, such as sweet feeds.
• Look for feeds with added vitamins, minerals, and fat-based energy (e.g., vegetable oils, rice bran).

3. Establish a Consistent Feeding Schedule

Divide the total daily feed into 2 to 3 smaller meals to prevent digestive upset and reduce the risk of colic or gastric ulcers. Never feed large amounts of grain in a single meal.

• Keep feeding times regular.
• Make changes to the diet gradually over 7–10 days.

4. Monitor Body Condition

Use a Body Condition Score (BCS) chart to regularly assess your horse’s physical health. Adjust the diet if your horse is gaining or losing weight.

• Ideal BCS: 4–6 out of 9
• Feel for ribs and observe fat cover along the neck, withers, and tailhead.

5. Support Digestive Health

Consider feeding small amounts of soaked beet pulp, adding probiotics, or using slow-feeder hay nets to mimic natural grazing behavior and reduce the risk of boredom-related issues.

Supplements for Clydesdale Horses

While a properly balanced diet of forage, grain, and minerals will meet most of a Clydesdale’s needs, there are times when supplements may be necessary—particularly for horses in heavy work, breeding, or those with health issues.

Common Supplements to Consider:

• Joint Support: Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and MSM may benefit older horses or those engaged in pulling or riding.
• Hoof Health: Biotin and zinc help maintain strong hooves, especially under the stress of heavy weight and feathering.
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Found in flaxseed or fish oil, these support skin, coat, and anti-inflammatory health.
• Vitamin E and Selenium: Essential for muscle and nerve health, especially in selenium-deficient regions.
• Digestive Aids: Probiotics and prebiotics promote gut health and nutrient absorption.

⚠️ Important: Always consult with a qualified equine veterinarian or nutritionist before introducing any supplement. Over-supplementation can be just as harmful as deficiencies.

​Grooming and Maintenance

Proper grooming is more than just a cosmetic routine for Clydesdales—it’s a key part of their overall care, comfort, and health maintenance. Due to their thick coats, feathered legs, and massive size, Clydesdales require more time and attention during grooming than average-sized horses. A consistent grooming routine not only keeps your horse looking its best, but it also helps in early detection of health issues, improves blood circulation, and strengthens the bond between the horse and its handler.

Importance of Grooming

Grooming serves multiple critical functions:

• Promotes skin and coat health by removing sweat, dirt, and loose hair
• Stimulates circulation and natural oil production, which enhances coat shine
• Provides an opportunity for early detection of cuts, bumps, swelling, or parasites
• Prevents infections in feathered areas prone to moisture build-up
• Fosters trust and bonding, especially with docile breeds like the Clydesdale

Grooming Routine

A daily grooming routine is ideal, especially for horses that are regularly exercised or exposed to outdoor elements. Here’s a step-by-step outline tailored specifically for Clydesdales:

Brushing the Body

• Start with a curry comb in circular motions to loosen dirt, sweat, and debris.
• Follow up with a stiff-bristled dandy brush to flick away loosened debris.
• Use a soft brush on the face and sensitive areas like under the belly and behind the elbows.

Tip: Always brush in the direction of hair growth to avoid irritation.

Feather Care

Clydesdales are known for their beautiful long, feathered hair on the lower legs, but these feathers can easily trap mud, moisture, and bacteria.

• Wash feathers with mild feather-specific shampoo weekly or as needed.
• Ensure complete drying of feathers to prevent skin conditions like “scratches” (pastern dermatitis).
• Consider lightly trimming feather hair if your horse lives in wet conditions.

Use a blow dryer on low heat to fully dry feathers in cold climates.

Hoof Cleaning

Large, broad hooves need daily attention:

• Pick out each hoof with a hoof pick, removing stones, dirt, and manure.
• Check for signs of thrush (a foul-smelling bacterial infection).
• Ensure the hoof walls are free from cracks or chips.

Regular farrier visits every 6–8 weeks are essential.

Mane and Tail Maintenance

Due to the density of hair in Clydesdales, regular grooming is essential to prevent tangles and matting.

• Use a wide-tooth comb or detangling brush.
• Apply leave-in conditioner or detangling spray to ease brushing.
• Braid the tail loosely if your horse lives in a muddy environment to keep it clean.

Grooming Tools Checklist

Health Management

Proper healthcare is vital to ensuring the longevity and comfort of your Clydesdale horse. Due to their large size, unique physical characteristics, and genetic predispositions, Clydesdales can be susceptible to certain health issues. Proactive health management, including regular vet visits, proper feeding, and environmental cleanliness, can help prevent most of these concerns.

Common Health Issues

Understanding breed-specific vulnerabilities allows for earlier intervention and better care.

1. Chronic Progressive Lymphedema (CPL)

• A condition commonly seen in draft breeds.
• Causes progressive swelling and thickening of the lower limbs due to poor lymphatic drainage.
• Often exacerbated by inflammation and skin infections under heavy feathering.

Management Includes:

• Regular exercise to promote circulation
• Compression wraps or massage
• Keeping feathered areas clean and dry
• Regular vet monitoring to track progression

2. Skin Infections (e.g., Pastern Dermatitis / “Scratches”)

• Occurs when moisture and debris become trapped under feathers, creating a breeding ground for bacteria or fungi.
• Symptoms include scabbing, redness, swelling, and sensitivity.

Prevention and Treatment:

• Routine washing and complete drying of feathers
• Application of topical antimicrobials or medicated shampoos
• Keeping stall and pasture areas clean and dry

3. Obesity

• Clydesdales have slow metabolisms, making them prone to weight gain if overfed or under-exercised.
• Obesity can lead to joint strain, laminitis, and insulin resistance.

Management Tips:

• Monitor body condition monthly
• Limit high-sugar treats and concentrate feeds
• Encourage daily turnout and exercise

Preventative Care

Preventative healthcare saves time, money, and heartache. Clydesdales benefit from the same core care routine as other horses, but some aspects need more attention due to their size and workload.

Vaccinations

Essential for protecting against life-threatening diseases:

Deworming

A strategic deworming plan based on fecal egg counts (FEC) ensures effective parasite control and reduces resistance.

• Conduct FEC tests every 3–4 months.
• Deworm based on actual need rather than a set schedule.
• Rotate dewormers (e.g., ivermectin, fenbendazole) only when necessary.

Dental Care

Clydesdales, like all horses, require regular dental care to chew effectively and avoid weight loss, mouth ulcers, or behavioral issues.

• Schedule a dental exam at least once per year.
• Floating (filing) the teeth smooths sharp edges.
• Watch for signs like dropping food, bit resistance, or foul breath.

Regular Veterinary Check-ups

Routine check-ups allow for early diagnosis of issues and ensure vaccination and dental schedules stay on track.

• Aim for bi-annual exams (every 6 months).
• Discuss any changes in behavior, appetite, or weight with your vet.

Exercise and Training

Importance of Exercise

Clydesdales, like all horses, require consistent physical activity to maintain their health and well-being. Regular exercise strengthens muscles, supports joint mobility, boosts cardiovascular health, and helps prevent common health issues such as obesity and stiffness. It also reduces stress and curbs behavioral problems such as pacing, cribbing, or aggressiveness caused by boredom or lack of stimulation.

Suitable Activities

• Driving: Clydesdales are traditionally bred for draft work, making them ideal candidates for carriage driving or pulling wagons. This activity not only exercises their powerful muscles but also gives them a sense of purpose.
• Riding: These gentle giants can be used for pleasure riding or trail riding. Due to their size, it’s essential to use saddles that fit well to avoid discomfort or injury. Their calm temperament makes them good riding horses for experienced riders.
• Groundwork: Basic groundwork such as lunging, leading exercises, or obstacle courses strengthens the bond between horse and handler, promotes obedience, and provides mental engagement.
• Turnout: Allowing your Clydesdale to spend several hours a day in a large pasture ensures they can move naturally, graze freely, and socialize with other horses, which is crucial for both their physical and emotional health.

Training Tips

• Consistency: Stick to a daily or weekly training schedule. Repetition and regularity help horses remember cues and build trust.
• Positive Reinforcement: Use treats, praise, or scratches to reward good behavior. Clydesdales respond well to gentle, encouraging handling.
• Patience: Given their size and power, training should be calm and measured. Progress might be slow, but consistency yields results. Never rush or use force.

Housing and Environment

Stall Requirements

Clydesdales are large horses, often standing over 17 hands high and weighing over 1,800 pounds. Their living space must be designed with their size in mind:

• Stall Size: A standard 12×12 ft stall is the minimum. A 14×14 ft stall or larger is preferable to give them room to move, lie down comfortably, and avoid injury.
• Bedding: Use deep, absorbent bedding like straw, shavings, or rubber mats. This helps protect their joints, keeps them dry, and supports hoof health.
• Ventilation: Proper airflow is essential to prevent respiratory issues. Use windows, vents, or fans to maintain fresh air circulation, especially in summer or humid climates.

Pasture Management

• Fencing: Due to their strength, fencing must be high, durable, and safe—ideally wooden, vinyl, or high-tensile wire with electric deterrents.
• Shelter: Whether in a pasture or dry lot, Clydesdales need access to a three-sided shelter to protect them from sun, wind, rain, and snow.
• Companionship: Horses are social creatures. Clydesdales enjoy the company of other horses or even companion animals like donkeys or goats. Isolation can lead to stress and behavioral problems.

Equipment and Tack

Fitting Considerations

Because of their size and draft build, standard horse tack often won’t fit a Clydesdale. Using properly fitted equipment is critical for comfort, control, and safety.

• Saddles: Choose wide-tree saddles specifically designed for draft breeds. Poorly fitted saddles can cause pressure sores, back pain, or behavioral resistance.
• Bridles: Look for extra-large bridles that offer ample room in the browband and noseband. Adjustable components are helpful to ensure a snug but comfortable fit.
• Harnesses: When driving, use draft-specific or custom-made harnesses that accommodate their larger girth, chest, and shoulders to distribute pressure evenly.

Maintenance

Tack and equipment should be cleaned and checked regularly:

• Leather Care: Clean and condition leather to prevent cracking and mold buildup.
• Hardware Inspection: Routinely check buckles, stitching, and padding for signs of wear or breakage.
• Fit Reevaluation: Reassess fit regularly, especially if the horse is growing, gaining muscle, or losing weight.

Cost of Ownership

Owning a Clydesdale is a rewarding experience, but it comes with significant financial responsibilities. Below is a detailed breakdown of the estimated annual costs:

Keep in mind that unexpected expenses—such as medical emergencies or equipment replacement—can further increase annual costs.

➡️Click here to learn how often you should bathe your horse and discover the best practices for keeping their coat healthy and clean.

​Frequently Asked Questions

Q1: Are Clydesdales high maintenance?

Yes, Clydesdales are considered high-maintenance due to their large size and specific care needs. They require a substantial amount of feed and water daily, spacious housing, and regular grooming—especially for their feathered legs, which are prone to infections. Proper exercise, training, and fitting equipment are essential for their health. They also need consistent veterinary care, farrier services, and attention to their diet to prevent obesity. While gentle and friendly, their upkeep demands significant time, effort, and financial commitment.​

Q2: What do Clydesdale horses need?

Clydesdale horses need a well-balanced diet including quality hay, grain, and constant access to clean water. They require daily grooming, especially for their thick feathered legs, to prevent skin issues. Adequate space for exercise, turnout, and a large, well-ventilated stall are essential. Routine veterinary care, dental check-ups, deworming, and farrier visits are also vital. Properly fitted tack and strong fencing ensure their safety and comfort. Lastly, they thrive on companionship and consistent, gentle training to stay mentally and physically healthy.​

Q4: What is a Clydesdale favorite food?

A Clydesdale’s favorite food typically includes high-quality hay such as timothy or alfalfa, which forms the foundation of their diet. They also enjoy grains like oats, corn, or specially formulated draft horse pellets. Many Clydesdales love occasional treats like carrots, apples, and molasses-coated horse cookies. However, treats should be given in moderation to avoid digestive issues or obesity. Always ensure their food is clean, mold-free, and nutritionally balanced to support their large size and active lifestyle.

Q5: What’s the most expensive horse?​

The most expensive horse ever sold is Fusaichi Pegasus, a Thoroughbred racehorse, purchased for approximately $70 million in 2000. Known for winning the 2000 Kentucky Derby, his value skyrocketed due to his racing success and breeding potential. Elite racehorses and stallions often fetch such high prices because of their bloodlines, performance, and future stud fees. While other horses like Shareef Dancer and The Green Monkey also sold for millions, Fusaichi Pegasus remains the record-holder in equine sales history.

Q6: What is the rarest horse?

The rarest horse in the world is the Akhal-Teke, an ancient and unique breed from Turkmenistan. Known for its metallic, shimmering coat and incredible endurance, this breed is often called the “golden horse.” With only around 6,000 to 7,000 Akhal-Tekes worldwide, they are considered extremely rare. Their slender build, intelligence, and loyalty make them prized by breeders and enthusiasts. Due to limited numbers and selective breeding, efforts are being made to preserve and protect this extraordinary and historic breed.

External Resources

1. Mad Barn USA
2. WebMD
3. ​The Spruce Pets

4. Equestrian